A comparative review of violent extremism in conflict context in Mindanao is explored using qualitative approach. Specifically, it sought to describe the characteristics of violent extremism in Kolambungan, Lanao del Norte, Basilan and Zamboanga and to identify the commonalities and differences of violent extremism in these conflict areas. The focus group discussion using guide questions was used to gather primary data from participants of the various sectors. Secondary data were also considered to deepen, validate and substantiate the data obtained from the participants of the study. These data include intelligence reports, narrative and document reviews.
The findings indicated that violent extremism is caused by a complex, integrated and interrelated forces in the society. Its members possessed diverse characteristics with biased and prejudiced experiences from the government. It impacted greatly the socio-economic aspects of the families and community.
This study concluded that policies and programs of the Department of Social Welfare and Development leverage global practices emphasizing the family; multiple peace-building efforts and interventions are carried out by the government, civic organizations, and non-governmental organization.
The study recommended that the local government may provide employment opportunities to residents and religious leaders should continuously instill clearly the Islamic teachings of Quran among Islam followers. The national government may also show good governance that the people’s trust will be restored. Government should as well establish or create a National Counterterrorism Agency and initiate a Solidifying Religious Freedom strategy similar with the Indonesian Government had done to their country.