The study assessed the capabilities and functions of the Questioned Document Division of the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory Group at Cam Crame, Quezon City. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. How capable is the Questioned Document Examination Division in the performance of its function in terms of:
1.1 Readiness and preparedness,
1.2 Technical competency,
1.3 Performance efficiency, and
1.4 Investigative support?
2. What are the issues and challenges on the capability of Questioned Document Examination Division?
3. Based on the findings, what training manual may be proposed to enhance the capability level of the Forensic Questioned Document Division?
This study utilized mixed methods research design (with explanatory sequential as approach). The combined qualitative and quantitative research components expanded and strengthened the study’s conclusions. Through mixed methods, the research questions were answered. A total of sixty (60) respondents were used as respondents of the study – Police Investigator, Document Examiner and Private Individuals. Sampling technique was used in identifying the respondents; and complete enumeration was utilized.
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: that the Questioned Document Examiners have limited training local & abroad in order to develop, enhance and provide information to legal, investigative and in formulating written examination guidelines to standardize procedures. As a science could be a very effective instrument on the investigation and resolution of criminal activities, thereby enhancing the image and confidence of people to the PNP as a law enforcement agency hence the inability of the police to conduct competent investigation can affect the attitude of the public towards the Justice system. This being so, the lack of competence by the Questioned Document Expert in the conduct of examination could lead to failure of justice where a case can be dropped; suspected criminals can be acquitted due to these inadequacies. Questioned Document Examiners are experts in their own fields who could be credible instruments in crime investigation. They are persons who are academically prepared and professionally trained could make this science more effective instrument for crime investigation. They are capable examiners who possess readiness and preparedness since they have the background, education, training and professional development needed to carry on with their work. They are also technically competent since knowledge, skills and attitudes wise, they have these qualities and knowhow. In terms of performance efficiency, they are also capable since they complete their tasks and responsibilities with quality. They are also capable as to investigative support since readily testify or appear in court every time they solve crimes and cases. Further, questioned Document Examinations have been used in law enforcement applications by many countries around the world. Questioned Document Examiners have established credibility as aids in the field of criminal investigation especially in the era of scientific and technological advancement. Despite this advocacy and status, QDED examiners are not perfect. Issues and challenges are still present and encountered in the Division and these hinder successful operations. Rooms for improvement in carrying out the right processes or procedures are still identified in the Division which is needed to enhance its capability.
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are being offered: That Questioned Document Examiners need to have continuous training in the field of questioned document examinations, criminal investigations and criminalistics. The focus of the training should be on the technical aspects of examinations and communication so that achievement of standard of success will be realized. A proposed specific Training Manual for QDED may craft to utilize and to introduce the trainee to all the subjects and give them the necessary training to allow them for the advance and more complex areas on their own. Further, to ensure and at the same time to prepare Questioned Document Examiner and self-determining in the field of examinations, evaluations, scrutinizes and findings in the chores and assessment also extensive training and scientific know-how on the science of Questioned Document Examination be adapted by the Crime Laboratory to continuously provide the examiners in the art. Regular training programs and conferences local and abroad are given to all concerned so that updates in Questioned Document Examination will be provided to the personnel. It is highly encouraged that the QDED examiners continue exemplifying high investigative support especially in investigating authenticity and conclusively comparing the stalking note to the suspect’s handwriting. They need to work through on assisting the court in efficiency, fairness and equal justice which are a skill that they do not constantly portray.
Forensic Document Examiners are encouraged to develop their skills (e.g. membership of scientific societies, attending professional meetings, provide training, research and publication) and participate in relevant proficiency testing. The combination of education, training, on-the-job training and experience cannot be overstated in the field of document examinations. No amount of self-study can replace proper training and practical experience gained by working side-by-side with a recognized qualified document examiner. The capability level of the QDED examiners may be enhanced more by developing practical ability to carry out an analysis/examination properly. Hindrances encountered by FQDED Operational services may be fully eliminated if equipment needed by the agency will be provided, the examiners will be fully trained by sending them to further studies, webinars and workshops related to their craft, by exemplifying qualities and capabilities required of examiners, and by always applying the highest ethical and integrity standards set forth by the Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory. The PNP Crime Laboratory administrators/chiefs should make a conscious effort to review, analyze and recommend for the allocation of funds for the improvement of the Questioned Document Examination Division especially on the enrichment of materials, physical and human resources. This may be undertaken through appropriate representation with the budget agencies of the government. Hence, the FQDED may consider the parameters for effectiveness provided and create more programs to ensure their delivery. The most urgent parameter to be improved or enhanced may be placed in the priority list. Training and workshops may constantly be prioritized for these examiners to ensure effectiveness. QDED may still improve technical competency through training and skills development. PNP may provide these to QDED examiners so that this very important department may be able to deliver efficiently and effectively. The PNP may also give information education on the significance of Questioned Document Examination Division as aid to investigation through tri-media. This will instill awareness to the public and may erase their negative perceptions and doubts. Performance efficiency may be continued since the Division performs well in this aspect. Through performing well, there is still room for improvement; hence the Division may still undergo more competencies and strategies training to be better in this field.
The results of this study may be published, disseminated and discussed with all concerned partied for information purposes and to elicit feedback. PNP researchers may continuously conduct studies to generate current data on the physical set-up, facilities, staff, financial support and services to QDED. Findings should be utilized as a basis for redirection and development of new strategies which will enhance effective Questioned Document Examination Services.