CCTVs, Crime Deterrence, Effects, Increased Security, operational efficiency 

This study explores the effects of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance systems in business establishments in Silang, Cavite, Philippines, focusing on crime deterrence, increased security, and operational efficiency. Guided by theories such as Deterrence Theory and Routine Activity Theory, the research aims to assess how CCTV affects criminal activity, enhances safety, and addresses emerging challenges. Using a multiple case study qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 participants, including business owners, employees, security personnel, customers, and police officers. The results indicated that CCTV effectively deters crime, improves security, and contributes to enhanced operational efficiency when there is cooperation among business establishments. However, challenges emerged regarding the use of CCTV as a tool in crime prevention in commercial establishments, such as technical issues, limitations in deterrence, resource intensity, cooperation issues, and employee morale and privacy concerns. The study concludes that while CCTV is a valuable tool for crime prevention and operational efficiency, its effectiveness is maximized when used in conjunction with other security measures. Businesses must address the technical and human resource challenges associated with their uses. Recommendations for integrating advanced CCTV technologies and improving surveillance policies are provided, emphasizing the need to balance security and privacy.